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Ostrovnoye, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Ostrovnoye ((ロシア語:Островно́е)) is a rural locality (a ''selo'') in Bilibinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the banks of the Maly Anyuy River about upstream from Anyuysk and about from the administrative center of the district, Bilibino〔 and from Anadyr. Population: 379 (2010 est.), of which 317 were indigenous peoples. Population: 〔 Municipally, Ostrovnoye is subordinated to Bilibinsky Municipal District and is incorporated as Ostrovnoye Rural Settlement.〔
==History==
Ostrovnoye is a historical locality in the region, as it was the site of an ''ostrog'' built as Russians began to explore and lay claim to the region,〔Strogoff ''et al.'', pp. 103–104〕 and was the site of trade fairs between Russians and natives.〔(Ostrovnoye ) - Chukotka Electoral Commission〕 The ruins of the Ostrog are still visible not far from the village.〔 Since the beginning of the 18th century Russian explorers began active exploration of Kolyma and Chukotka, and the settlements they established were essentially fortresses, among them Anyuysky Ostrog, where the Anyuysk Fair was held, the largest in Chutkotka. The Ostrog was situated on an island in the Lesser Anyuy. However, because of constant spring flooding of the river the fair was repeatedly postponed until 1848 after a flood, which destroyed most of the island and the Ostrog itself, the settlement was moved to the left bank, 10 km downstream. However, the locals traditionally called this fortress "Island" and so that was the name that was assigned to the modern village, standing on the site of the former Ostrog.〔(Русские крепости в сибирском Заполярье ) Russian fortresses in the Siberian Arctic - E.A. Opolovnikova〕
In December 1930, the National district of Chukotka was established, consisting of Anadyrsky ((ロシア語:Анадырский)), Chukotsky (Чукотский), Markovsky (Марковский), Chaunsky (Чаунский), Eastern Tundra (Восточной Тундры, which was to become Bilibinsky District) and Western Tundra (Западной тундры) districts.〔(Общие сведения о районе - Историческая справка ) General Information About the Area - Historical Reference, Official Bilibinsky District website 〕 Ostrovnoye was appointed as the first administrative centre of the new Eastern Tundra district with authority over six separate selsoviets, namely: Greater Yenyuisky ((ロシア語:Больше-Энюйский)), Lesser Yenyuisky (Мало-Энюйский), Oloysky (Олойский), Oloychansky (Олойчанский), Ostrovnovsky (Островновский) and Pogyndinsky (Погындинский).〔
The village was the site of the first Chukchi collective farm, "Turvaurgyn" ((ロシア語:Турваургин), literally "New Life" in Chukchi), which was later reorganised into a farm called Ostrovnoye. By 1934, the village was equipped with a hospital bakery and radio transmitter.
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